One Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) belongs to Perissodactyla Order and Rhinocerotidae Family. It is native to Nepal and India. It is found Chitwan National Park and nearby forest (605 in number), Bardia National Park and nearby forest (29 in number) and Sukla Phanta National Park and nearby forests (8 in number) and Parsa National Park and nearby forest (3 in number) in Nepal. According to the Annual Report of DNPWC (2019), its population is 645. The lifespan of rhinoceros is 60-70 years. The body is slightly blackish in colour with one horn in its snout. Its height is 1 m to 1.75 m, length 4 m, horn 0.6 m long and weight is about 2000 kg Male and 1500 kg female. The gestation period of one horned rhinoceros is 16 to 18 months. It is listed as a vulnerable species in the IUCN Red List category and Appendix I of CITES. National red list of mammals categorizes it as an endangered species. The legal status of this species in Nepal is Protected (Appendix I) under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973. It is protected because of its heavy habitat loss and poaching. It is traded in national and international markets due to horn.
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